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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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The Retina01:32

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches
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Retinocortical in-sensor neuromorphic vision platform for NIR-augmented artificial vision.

Jong Bin An1,2, Kyungtae Park3,4, I Sak Lee1,5

  • 1Electronic Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

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This study introduces a novel neuromorphic vision platform with near-infrared sensitivity for intelligent imaging. The EROS array enhances low-light pedestrian detection and enables in-memory classification, paving the way for advanced visual systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic Engineering
  • Optoelectronics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Intelligent imaging requires sensitive neuromorphic vision platforms for low-light and multispectral applications.
  • Near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity is crucial for advanced visual sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a retinocortical dual-mode platform using evolved-synaptic transistor (Evo-SynT) devices and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP).
  • To integrate these devices into evolved-retina optical synapse (EROS) arrays for enhanced neuromorphic vision.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of Evo-SynT devices demonstrating synaptic functionalities.
  • Integration of Evo-SynT devices into a 12x12 EROS array for dual-mode operation.
  • Evaluation of the EROS array for in-sensor preprocessing and in-memory classification tasks.

Main Results:

  • Evo-SynT devices exhibited significant paired-pulse facilitation and analog weight modulation.
  • The EROS array demonstrated improved pedestrian detection accuracy under low-light conditions (808 nm and 940 nm).
  • Achieved classification accuracies of 77.19% and 79.40% for NIR illumination.

Conclusions:

  • The EROS platform offers a scalable solution for integrated neuromorphic vision systems with NIR sensitivity.
  • This technology advances intelligent imaging capabilities in challenging lighting and spectral conditions.