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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms in PCO and Fibrosis Following Cataract Surgery
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Comprehensive Modalities for Cataract Management: Preventive, Surgical, and Non-Surgical Approaches Using

Aya Hussein1, Maha El-Kayal2, Rehab Nabil Shamma3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 90Th St, New Cairo 3, Cairo Governorate, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.

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|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cataract, a leading cause of blindness, is linked to oxidative stress. Nanomedicine offers innovative, targeted approaches for cataract treatment and prevention, surpassing traditional methods.

Keywords:
antioxidantscataractconventional treatmentsnanotechnologypost-surgical approachessurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cataract is the primary global cause of blindness, driven by oxidative stress damaging lens proteins and lipids.
  • Current pharmaceutical and surgical interventions for cataract have limitations.
  • Increasing cataract risk factors necessitate novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional and nanotechnology-based therapeutic agents for cataract.
  • To explore the potential of nanoparticles in targeting ocular systems for cataract treatment.
  • To examine ocular drug delivery routes for cataract prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and in vivo studies on anti-cataract agents.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle properties and their application in ocular drug delivery.
  • Evaluation of chemical compounds, antioxidants, and herbal extracts for anti-cataract activity.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles show significant potential for targeted biological system modulation in the eye.
  • Various agents, including antioxidants and herbal extracts, exhibit anti-cataract activity.
  • Nanomedicine presents promising, precise treatment and prevention strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomedicine offers advanced solutions for cataract treatment and prevention.
  • Targeted delivery and unique properties of nanoparticles enhance therapeutic efficacy.
  • Further research into ocular drug delivery routes is essential for optimizing cataract management.