Semaglutide Induces Changes in Gastric Electrical Activity in Patients With Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study

: Semaglutide is associated with gastroduodenal symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting. This pilot study used body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) to measure the effect of semaglutide on gastric function and associated symptoms.

: Patients without gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 8) underwent BSGM at baseline and on 1 mg semaglutide, as per standard subcutaneous dosing. Spectral metrics included Principal Gastric Frequency, Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA-RI), body mass index-adjusted amplitude, fed:fasted amplitude ratio, and meal response ratio. Symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Data were compared using paired t tests.

: Body mass index-adjusted amplitude showed a significant decrease on the drug (P = 0.04). Five patients (63%) developed spectral abnormalities on the drug, with 2 displaying a low or undetectable GA-RI (< 0.25). The patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorders-symptom severity index fullness/early satiation subscale significantly increased on the drug (P = 0.005).

: Semaglutide appears to alter gastric electrical activity on BSGM and increase early satiation, offering potential biomarkers for detecting drug effects. Further studies are needed.