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Updated: Apr 10, 2026
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
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Developing core concepts in pharmacy administration and leadership training.
Michael Stepanovic1, Cassandra L Bright2, Uyen N Doan2
1Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Summary
This study established 13 core concepts for pharmacy administration and leadership (PAL) training through expert consensus, creating a standardized framework for developing essential leadership competencies in pharmacy professionals.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Healthcare Management
- Leadership Development
Background:
- The need for standardized curricula in pharmacy administration and leadership (PAL) training is critical.
- Existing programs may lack a unified set of core competencies required for effective leadership.
- Addressing a leadership gap in pharmacy necessitates a defined knowledge base for future leaders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To achieve expert consensus on core concepts for pharmacy administration and leadership (PAL) training.
- To establish a standardized framework for curriculum development in PAL education.
- To ensure pharmacy graduates possess essential leadership knowledge and competencies.
Main Methods:
- A modified Delphi methodology was used with 85 pharmacy administrators and leaders.
- Iterative surveys were conducted via Qualtrics, with consensus defined by an 80% endorsement threshold.
- Thematic analysis of qualitative responses refined concept titles and definitions.
Main Results:
- Initially, 11 of 13 concepts met consensus; "operations management" and "innovation and entrepreneurship" were refined.
- "Supply chain management" was added as a distinct concept.
- After refinement, 13 core concepts achieved consensus, with 9 receiving 100% endorsement.
Conclusions:
- A consensus-driven framework of 13 core concepts is established for PAL curriculum development.
- This framework supports master's programs, residencies, and other PAL training.
- The identified concepts aim to bridge the pharmacy leadership gap and enhance healthcare organization leadership.
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