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Segmented filamentous bacteria are associated with disease activity in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Yuling Feng1, Huahai Chen2, Yeshi Yin3

  • 1Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|April 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are more prevalent in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly during active disease stages. SFB presence correlates with increased disease severity and inflammation markers in pediatric IBD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research

Background:

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in children is a complex condition with multifactorial etiologies.
  • Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) have been implicated in gut inflammation, but their role in pediatric IBD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the positivity rate of SFB in pediatric patients diagnosed with IBD.
  • To assess the association between SFB presence and the activity and severity of pediatric IBD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 30 pediatric IBD patients and 30 controls with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
  • SFB detection in terminal ileum lavage fluid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Stratification of IBD patients by disease activity (Untreated Active, Treated Remission, Treated Active) and type (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).

Main Results:

  • SFB positivity was significantly higher in pediatric IBD patients (63.3%) compared to controls (36.7%).
  • The Untreated Active (UTA) IBD subgroup exhibited the highest SFB positivity rate (82.4%), significantly elevated compared to controls and the Treated Remission (TRR) group.
  • SFB-positive patients demonstrated significantly higher disease activity indices and elevated inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin, CRP, ESR) than SFB-negative patients.

Conclusions:

  • SFB positivity is more frequent in pediatric IBD patients, especially those with active disease.
  • The presence of SFB is associated with increased inflammatory activity and disease severity in pediatric IBD.
  • Findings suggest SFB may play a role in the pathogenesis or exacerbation of pediatric IBD.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrencolonoscopyinflammatory bowel diseasesegmented filamentous bacteriaterminalileum

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