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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

50.0K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

14.6K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
14.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Electrophysiological Measurements from a Moth Olfactory System
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Disruption of olfactory perception in the Empoasca onukii Matsuda by a defensive green leaf volatile, (Z)-3-hexenal.

Min Zhou1,2,3,4,5, Yelong Sun1, Jackson Champer1,6

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

Pest Management Science
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A key plant defense volatile, (Z)-3-hexenal, repels the tea green leafhopper (E. onukii). A specific olfactory receptor, EnouCSP14, detects this compound, offering a target for sustainable pest control.

Keywords:
(Z)‐3‐hexenalEmpoasca onukii MatsudaGreen leaf volatiles (GLVs)RNAichemosensory proteins (CSPs)olfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-insect interactions
  • Chemical ecology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Tea green leafhopper (E. onukii) causes significant economic damage to tea crops.
  • Synthetic insecticides pose ecological and health risks.
  • Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are plant defense compounds, but their role in tea resistance to E. onukii is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify key defense GLVs in tea plants.
  • Elucidate the chemosensory mechanisms of E. onukii's response to GLVs.
  • Advance sustainable pest control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical wounding to induce GLV release.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and RNA interference (RNAi) for gene silencing.
  • Fluorescence competitive binding assays (FCBA) and molecular docking.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical wounding increased (Z)-3-hexenal (Z3Hal) release in resistant tea cultivars, repelling E. onukii.
  • Silencing the EnouCSP14 gene reduced E. onukii's antennal response to Z3Hal.
  • EnouCSP14 protein showed moderate binding affinity to Z3Hal, with specific predicted interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Z3Hal is a key repellent GLV for E. onukii.
  • EnouCSP14 mediates the detection of Z3Hal in E. onukii.
  • EnouCSP14 is a potential molecular target for RNAi-based pest management.