Gene drives and other transgenic approaches for mosquito control

Mosquitoes transmit a wide range of viruses and malaria parasites, posing a significant threat to global public health. Among recent advances in genetic pest control, gene drives have emerged as a powerful tool. Through super-Mendelian inheritance, gene drives ensure biased transmission of specific traits to offspring, potentially enabling rapid propagation through wild populations. Gene drives can be utilized to alter or eliminate entire mosquito populations, potentially curbing vector-borne disease transmission in a sustainable manner. Additionally, several improved genetic control strategies provide temporally self-limiting and spatially confinable options for pest control. This review summarizes genetic control research in Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex mosquitoes, focusing on recent progress, major bottlenecks, and potential solutions.