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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Operating Procedures of the Electrochemotherapy for Treatment of Tumor in Dogs and Cats
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Skull-base chordoma in a dog.

Kana Hamamoto1,2, Ikki Mitsui3, Toshiyasu Matsui2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A Pomeranian dog autopsy revealed a skull base chordoma, a rare bone cancer. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis, highlighting the importance of evaluating the clivus in canine CNS examinations.

Keywords:
autopsybrachyurychordomadogsphysaliphorous cells

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Canine Oncology
  • Neoplasia

Background:

  • Chordomas are rare tumors arising from notochordal remnants.
  • They typically occur in the sacrum or vertebrae, but skull base involvement is documented.
  • Canine chordomas can present with diverse histological features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of canine clival chordoma.
  • To detail the histological and immunohistochemical findings.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in canine chordoma.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem examination of a 16-year-old Pomeranian dog.
  • Histopathological evaluation of a skull base mass.
  • Application of a comprehensive panel of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, including anti-brachyury antibody.

Main Results:

  • An incidental, friable, tan mass was found at the skull base, extending from the sella turcica to the foramen magnum.
  • Histology showed nests of round cells with immature chondroid matrix and physaliphorous cells.
  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed chordoma, with neoplastic cells positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, E-cadherin, vimentin, S100, and brachyury.

Conclusions:

  • This case highlights the potential for varied morphology in canine chordomas.
  • An immunohistochemical panel, particularly including anti-brachyury, is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Routine evaluation of the clivus during postmortem central nervous system examinations in dogs is recommended.