Modeling the Arc of Financial Well-Being in Breast Reconstruction: A Mixed-Methods Study

The objectives of this study were to determine if financial considerations affect reconstructive decision-making, and conversely if reconstructive choice affects downstream financial burden.

We conducted mixed-methods study with a convergent design. Patients undergoing mastectomy with or without reconstruction were administered the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) questionnaire before and after surgical treatment, where COST ≤20 indicated financial toxicity (FT). Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of FT and changes in COST score. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with patients who screened positive for FT to comprehensively capture experiences with financial burden.

There were 1,029 patients with a COST score prior to mastectomy, with a 30.6% rate of FT. Significant predictors of FT included age (OR 0.97), race (Asian OR 2.12, Black OR 2.66, compared to White), marital status (divorced/separated OR 2.70, single OR 2.43, compared to partnered), and neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.15) (p<0.02). Receipt of reconstruction was not significantly associated with baseline FT, nor were type and timing among those who underwent reconstruction (N=739). Additionally, receipt, type, and/or timing of reconstruction were not significantly associated with a change in COST score (full cohort N=446, reconstruction cohort N=297). Interviews yielded 3 themes: prioritizing outcomes over financial implications, difficulties navigating and maintaining insurance coverage, and a need for greater transparency and access to financial resources.

Bidirectional relationships between FT and receipt, type, and timing of reconstruction did not reach statistical significance. Additional patient-centric financial navigation and price transparency are warranted to mitigate financial burden.