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Efficacy of Multifocal Spectacles for Myopia Control in Pre-myopic Children: A Multicentre Real-world Study.
Jing Rao1,2, Qizhi Zhou1,3,4, Yongchuan He1,5
1Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Summary
Multifocal (MF) spectacles significantly slowed myopia progression and axial length elongation in Chinese children with pre-myopia compared to single-vision (SV) spectacles. MF spectacles also delayed the onset of myopia in this population.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Myopia Control Research
Background:
- Myopia is a growing public health concern globally, particularly in East Asia.
- Pre-myopia represents a critical window for intervention to prevent or delay myopia onset and progression.
- Current myopia control strategies include optical, pharmacological, and behavioral interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effectiveness of multifocal (MF) spectacles versus single-vision (SV) spectacles in controlling myopia progression.
- To evaluate the impact of MF spectacles on delaying myopia onset in Chinese children diagnosed with pre-myopia.
- To compare spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) changes between MF and SV spectacle groups.
Main Methods:
- A multicentre retrospective case-control study involving 1501 Chinese children with pre-myopia.
- Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance baseline characteristics between the MF and SV spectacle groups.
- Primary outcomes measured included SE and AL progression at 6 and 12 months, and the 1-year cumulative incidence of myopia.
Main Results:
- MF spectacles significantly slowed SE progression (difference: -0.35 D) and AL elongation (difference: 0.23 mm) over 12 months compared to SV spectacles.
- The incidence of rapid myopia progression (SE > 0.50 D or AL > 0.2 mm) was substantially lower in the MF group (20.8% vs. 45.1% for SE; 34.2% vs. 73.5% for AL).
- Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly lower 1-year cumulative incidence of myopia in the MF group (42.6%) compared to the SV group (65.6%).
Conclusions:
- Multifocal spectacles are an effective non-pharmacological intervention for controlling myopia progression and delaying myopia onset in pre-myopic children.
- The study provides strong real-world evidence supporting the use of MF spectacles for pre-emptive myopia management.
- MF spectacles offer a promising approach to reduce the long-term burden of myopia in pediatric populations.
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