Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

639
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
639
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

2.1K
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
2.1K
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

1.7K
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.7K
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

863
Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
863
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

593
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
593
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

779
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
779

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing pharmacists' knowledge and practices involving dietary supplement omega-3 fatty acids.

Journal of clinical lipidology·2025
Same author

Drug Interactions With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Treatments.

The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians·2025
Same author

A narrative review of drugs targeting inflammation in vascular disease.

Postgraduate medicine·2025
Same author

A Clinicians Guide to Recommending Common Cholesterol-Lowering Dietary Supplements.

American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions·2024
Same author

Elevated Lp(a): Guidance for Identifying and Managing Patients.

Southern medical journal·2024
Same author

Lipid lowering therapy: implications of recent clinical trials.

Future cardiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

15.2K

Lp(a): A potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.

Daniel E Hilleman1, James M Backes2

  • 1Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New therapies show promise in significantly reducing Lp(a) levels, but current management focuses on intensive risk factor control.

Keywords:
atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasecalcific aortic valve diseasecholesterollipoprotein(a)low-density lipoprotein

More Related Videos

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

8.2K
Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
13:10

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA

Published on: April 24, 2017

19.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
08:17

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Published on: February 20, 2017

15.2K
Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

8.2K
Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
13:10

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA

Published on: April 24, 2017

19.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Lipidology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a lipoprotein particle implicated in cardiovascular disease.
  • Elevated Lp(a) is a genetically determined, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, and management strategies for elevated Lp(a) levels.
  • To discuss the role of Lp(a) in ASCVD and CAVS.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic targets for Lp(a).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Lp(a).
  • Analysis of the molecular structure and atherogenic properties of Lp(a).
  • Evaluation of current and investigational treatment approaches for elevated Lp(a).

Main Results:

  • Lp(a) combines LDL's cholesterol content with apo(a)'s inflammatory properties, promoting atherosclerosis.
  • Standard lipid-lowering drugs have minimal impact on Lp(a) levels.
  • Investigational agents targeting Lp(a) synthesis or binding demonstrate significant reductions (80-100%) in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated Lp(a) is a causal risk factor for ASCVD and CAVS, contributing to mortality.
  • While novel therapies show high efficacy in lowering Lp(a), their clinical outcome benefits are pending.
  • Current management emphasizes aggressive ASCVD risk factor modification in patients with high Lp(a).