What's that sound? Multimodality imaging of dynamic musculoskeletal dysfunctions

This pictorial review provides a comprehensive review of radiologic findings associated with pathologic dynamic dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system encountered within a large, multi-facility academic tertiary referral hospital network. This structured review is organized by anatomical region-shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle-with each section subdivided into intra-articular and extra-articular causes, with extra-articular causes organized by location. This review emphasizes a multimodality imaging approach utilizing static radiography, CT, and MRI, alongside dynamic ultrasound imaging. Each pathology is illustrated with representative cases demonstrating characteristic imaging features and, where applicable, supplementary cine videos showing real-time pathologic motion. Understanding these radiologic manifestations provides a practical framework for accurate diagnosis and helps guide appropriate clinical management of patients presenting with mechanical symptoms.