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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Rethinking microbiome health through functional dynamics.

Aline Potiron1, Jolien C Francken2, Sahar El Aidy3

  • 1Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbiome research needs new health concepts. We propose adaptive coherence, where host-microbiome systems reorganize to maintain function, redefining health as dynamic and relational.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome Science
  • Systems Biology
  • Host-Microbe Interactions

Background:

  • Current microbiome research often uses static definitions of health.
  • These static concepts fail to capture the dynamic nature of host-microbe relationships.
  • This limitation hinders the translation of microbiome findings into clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding health in host-microbiome systems.
  • To propose 'adaptive coherence' as a measure of system resilience and adaptability.
  • To shift the focus from static states to dynamic processes in microbiome research.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and synthesis of existing literature.
  • Development of the 'adaptive coherence' framework.
  • Defining key metrics for assessing system adaptability and functional integrity.

Main Results:

  • Adaptive coherence is defined as the host-microbiome system's capacity to maintain integrated function through reorganization.
  • Health is reframed as an emergent and relational property, not a fixed state.
  • Measurement should prioritize system adaptability, functional integrity, and network interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of adaptive coherence offers a more dynamic and accurate view of host-microbiome health.
  • This framework facilitates the translation of microbiome science by focusing on dynamic processes.
  • Future research should investigate methods to quantify adaptive coherence in real-world systems.