Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Halogens

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity

The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nitrooxylation in Organic Synthesis: From Classical Nitrate Ester Formation to Modern Catalytic Strategies.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Navigating Nitration Chemistry: A Practical Guide to Reagents, Mechanisms, and Selectivity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Triplet Energy Transfer-Mediated Intermolecular Paternò-Büchi Reaction for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Oxetanes.

Organic letters·2026

Same author

Electrophilic and Radical Ability of Organic Nitrating Reagents.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2026

Same author

Photoactive Hydrogels Containing Merocyanine/Spiropyran Units for Wound Dressing Applications.

Biomacromolecules·2025

Same author

Chloroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes via a Cobalt-Mediated Radical Ligand Transfer (RLT) Photoredox Catalysis Platform.

JACS Au·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

When mechanochemistry meets fluorine.

Vishal B Purohit¹, Ronak V Prajapati², Vaibhav D Prajapati²

¹Department of Chemical Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|April 10, 2026

Summary

Mechanochemistry offers a green chemistry approach for synthesizing organofluorine compounds using solvent-free conditions. This review highlights mechanochemistry

More Related Videos

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Published on: October 10, 2013

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Green Chemistry
Mechanochemistry

Background:

Organofluorine compounds are vital in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals.
Conventional synthesis methods often rely on solvents, posing environmental concerns.
There is a growing need for sustainable synthetic approaches aligning with green chemistry principles.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in mechanochemistry for synthesizing organofluorine compounds.
To highlight the role of mechanochemistry in accessing, upcycling, and utilizing fluorinated organic compounds.
To emphasize the application of fluorinated additives, grinding auxiliaries, and catalysts in mechanochemical synthesis.

Main Methods:

Solvent-free or low-solvent mechanochemical techniques.
Ball milling and grinding for chemical transformations.
Review of published literature and group's recent developments.

Main Results:

Mechanochemistry provides a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to solution-based methods.
Diverse fluorinated organic compounds can be accessed and modified using mechanochemical approaches.
Fluorinated additives, grinding aids, and catalysts enhance mechanochemical reactions.

Conclusions:

Mechanochemistry is a powerful tool for the green synthesis of organofluorine compounds.
This approach aligns with green chemistry principles by minimizing solvent use.
Mechanochemistry enables efficient access, upcycling, and utilization of fluorinated molecules.