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  3. Human Claustrum Neurons Encode Uncertainty And Prediction Errors During Aversive Learning.
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  3. Human Claustrum Neurons Encode Uncertainty And Prediction Errors During Aversive Learning.

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Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.

Mingyue Hu1, Rodrigo Dalvit1, Mauricio Medina-Pizarro1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 10, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human claustrum neurons track complex cognitive variables like uncertainty and prediction error during aversive learning, revealing distinct roles compared to the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Flexible behavior requires continuous updating of internal models.
  • Neural circuits for this process are poorly understood.
  • The claustrum's extensive cortical connections suggest a key role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural responses in the human claustrum during aversive learning.
  • Compare claustrum activity with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala.
  • Determine if claustrum neurons encode higher-order cognitive variables.

Main Methods:

  • Single-neuron recordings from human claustrum, ACC, and amygdala.
  • Aversive learning task design.
  • Analysis of neural responses related to stimulus onset, outcomes, and latent variables (uncertainty, prediction error).

Main Results:

  • Claustrum and ACC neurons showed structured, task-related responses.
  • Distinct subpopulations encoded stimulus onset and action outcomes.
  • Both claustrum and ACC encoded uncertainty and prediction error, but with different temporal dynamics.
  • Amygdala showed minimal latent-variable modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Human claustrum neurons track unobservable higher-order cognitive variables.
  • Claustrum and ACC have dissociable roles in tracking latent task states.
  • These findings advance understanding of neural circuits supporting flexible behavior.