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Processing ergativity in compound light verb constructions: electrophysiological evidence from Hindi.

Anna Merin Mathew1, R Muralikrishnan2, Mahima Gulati3

  • 1Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Hindi speakers process grammatical case differently based on verb transitivity. Ergative case violations triggered an N400 effect, while nominative case violations elicited a P600 effect, showing language-specific processing.

Keywords:
HindiN400P600caseergativitylight verbstransitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Ergativity is a grammatical system marking subjects of transitive verbs.
  • Understanding how ergativity influences language comprehension and brain processing is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurophysiological correlates of ergative and nominative case processing in Hindi.
  • To determine if case processing cues and their brain responses generalize across ergative languages.

Main Methods:

  • An event-related brain potentials (ERP) study was conducted using Hindi.
  • Participants processed compound light verb constructions where case marking (ergative/nominative) mismatched or matched verb transitivity (transitive/intransitive).

Main Results:

  • Ergative case violations with intransitive verbs elicited an N400 effect.
  • Nominative case violations with transitive verbs elicited a P600 effect.

Conclusions:

  • Neurophysiological responses differ based on ergative/nominative case alignment and verb transitivity.
  • Cross-linguistic research should explore language-specific processing variations beyond universal principles.