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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening
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Neutron reflectometry instrumentation at the ISIS source: current state.

Mario Campana1, Andrew Caruana1, Luke Clifton1

  • 1ISIS Neutron and Muon Source STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory DidcotOX11 0QX United Kingdom.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutron reflectometry (NR) at ISIS is a versatile tool for interface studies. This guide details ISIS instruments, software, and applications in soft matter, magnetism, and quantum materials research.

Keywords:
interfacesneutron reflectometryreflectometerssurfacestime of flight

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Neutron reflectometry (NR) is a powerful technique for probing interfacial structure and dynamics.
  • ISIS Neutron and Muon Source offers advanced NR capabilities across diverse scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current neutron reflectometry instrumentation at ISIS.
  • To highlight the integration of advanced sample environments and data analysis tools.
  • To showcase scientific applications and guide users in experimental design.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of four operational reflectometers: OFFSPEC, INTER, POLREF, and SURF.
  • Details on time-of-flight configurations, scattering geometries, and polarization options.
  • Emphasis on integrated sample environments and data analysis software (IBEX, MANTID, IDAaaS).

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of NR's capability to resolve sub-nanometre structural and kinetic information.
  • Examples of applications in biological membranes, thin films, quantum fluids, and environmental interfaces.
  • Consolidation of technical information, operational characteristics, and research examples.

Conclusions:

  • ISIS neutron reflectometers, supported by advanced tools, offer high-quality NR measurements.
  • The article serves as a practical guide for optimizing NR experiments at ISIS.
  • NR at ISIS facilitates cutting-edge research in diverse scientific disciplines.