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Increasing Water Access for Individuals Living with Spinal Cord Injury Using an Innovative Smart Faucet.

Hueiwang Anna Jeng1, Lisa J Koperna2, Steve Waddell3

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|April 10, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The innovative Access-H2O faucet empowers individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) to independently access water for daily activities. High success rates and excellent usability scores demonstrate its potential for enhancing independence in drinking, rinsing, and grooming.

Keywords:
activities of daily livingassistive technologyspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Assistive Technology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) often face challenges with independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) due to impaired motor function.
  • Independent water access for tasks like drinking, rinsing, and grooming is crucial for maintaining personal hygiene and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the functionality and usability of the Access-H2O faucet, an innovative assistive device designed for individuals with SCI.
  • To determine the effectiveness of eye gaze, voice, and motion sensors in enabling independent water control for specific ADLs.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen participants with SCI tested the Access-H2O faucet using eye gaze, voice, and motion sensors.
  • Participants performed three ADLs: drinking, rinsing, and grooming, activating different faucet modes.
  • Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS).

Main Results:

  • Participants achieved high success rates across all sensor types and ADLs, with an average of 100% for drinking and rinsing.
  • The eye-gaze sensor showed 88.9% success for grooming, while voice and motion sensors demonstrated 100% and 94.4% success, respectively.
  • The average SUS score was 85, indicating excellent usability.

Conclusions:

  • The Access-H2O faucet demonstrates significant potential to enhance independence for individuals with SCI in performing essential daily activities.
  • The integration of multiple sensor modalities (eye gaze, voice, motion) offers versatile and effective control options.
  • This technology represents a promising advancement in assistive devices for improving the quality of life for people with spinal cord injuries.