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GTPase-activating protein DLC1 spatio-temporally regulates Rho signaling.

Lucien Hinderling1,2, Max Heydasch1, Giliane Rochat1

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|April 10, 2026
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Summary

Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1) regulates Rho GTPase activity, controlling cell contractility. DLC1 globally manages Rho deactivation at steady states and locally influences focal adhesions during dynamic tension changes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular signaling
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) modulate Rho GTPase activity.
  • These proteins interact with the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions (FAs), influencing cellular mechanics.
  • DLC1, a Rho-specific GAP, binds to FAs via mechanosensitive interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feedback mechanisms controlling spatio-temporal Rho GTPase activity.
  • To elucidate the role of DLC1 in regulating Rho activity at focal adhesions and the plasma membrane.
  • To analyze the dynamic regulation of Rho activity, including 'signaling flux', in response to mechanical cues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensor to measure Rho activity.
  • Developed a genetic circuit for optogenetic activation of Rho and simultaneous activity readout.
  • Observed cellular behavior in fibroblasts with and without DLC1 function under varying mechanical conditions.

Main Results:

  • Loss of DLC1 function resulted in globally increased Rho activity and cell contractility.
  • DLC1 was found to globally control the rate of Rho deactivation at both FAs and the plasma membrane in cells at mechanical steady state.
  • DLC1 dynamically associated with and dissociated from FAs during reinforcement and relaxation phases under local contractility induction.

Conclusions:

  • DLC1 plays a crucial role in both global Rho deactivation at steady state and local regulation of Rho activity at FAs under tension.
  • The study highlights the complex spatio-temporal regulation of Rho GTPase signaling by DLC1.
  • DLC1's dynamic interaction with FAs may contribute to positive feedback mechanisms for robust focal adhesion disassembly.