Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

2.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.8K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.3K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Universal lateral optical force on an isotropic particle near a dielectric substrate via polarization-induced mirror symmetry breaking.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Lateral optical force on an isotropic dimer induced by high-order multiple scattering under arbitrary polarization states.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Detection of Low Humidity Using Three-Dimensional DMC Network Structure.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Multifunctional lithium niobate platform for photodetection and photoacoustic and thermoelastic gas sensing.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A Compact 2.3 μm DFB-Laser CO Sensor Using MPC-LITES for Real-Time Monitoring of Cigarette Smoke.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Exploring endothelial dysfunction in SLE: cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway activation by dsDNA.

Lupus·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K

Coherent control of optical spin-orbit interactions.

Hongwei Yang1, Kai Tu1, Zhuguang Chen1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Science Advances
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method for controlling light's spin-orbit interactions (SOI) using a crystal. This technique allows for ultrafast, flexible manipulation of light's spin and orbital angular momentum (OAM) states.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.7K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.7K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Optical spin-orbit interactions (SOI) link light's spin to its spatial properties.
  • Real-time and flexible control of SOI is a significant challenge in photonics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a coherent control method for flexible manipulation of optical SOI.
  • To achieve ultrafast control over spin-orbit beam shifts and transitions between light modes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a thin isotropic crystal for coherent control of optical SOI.
  • Employed phase delay manipulation between input signal and control waves.
  • Investigated dual-port architecture with counter-propagating beams for state selection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated substantial spin-orbit beam shifts dependent on phase delay.
  • Achieved transitions from Gaussian to first-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex modes.
  • Observed ultrafast transition speeds up to 11.5 GHz, limited by external electronics.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed coherent control method enables flexible and ultrafast manipulation of optical SOI.
  • The dual-port architecture allows for coherent and reversible selection of spin-OAM states.
  • This approach opens new possibilities for advanced optical manipulation and quantum information processing.