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Plug-and-(Dis)Play Epitope Engineering on Ring-like Particles: Rational Design of Multivalent Immunoreagents for

Carla J Goldin1,2, Analía Boudgouste1,2, Joaquín Rasch3

  • 1Centro de Rediseño e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM, General San Martín, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new modular antigen-display platform using self-assembling ring-like particles (RLPs) creates stable, specific diagnostic reagents. This approach enables reliable detection and differentiates vaccinated animals, offering a versatile tool for infectious disease diagnostics.

Keywords:
AujeszkyDIVAELISARLPsplatformpseudorabiessynthetic immunoreagent

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Veterinary Diagnostics

Background:

  • Serological diagnostics require stable, specific, and scalable antigens.
  • Full-length viral glycoproteins often present challenges in stability, expression, and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular antigen-display platform for creating stable, multivalent diagnostic reagents.
  • To engineer a novel immunoreagent for Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1) glycoprotein E (gE) for DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) applications.

Main Methods:

  • Rational selection of immunodominant epitopes from SuHV-1 gE using IEDB and BepiPred-3.0.
  • Grafting selected epitopes onto self-assembling ring-like particles (RLPs) to form a multiepitope construct (RLP-Epi).
  • Characterization of RLP-Epi stability, assembly, and immunoreactivity using ELISA and ROC analysis.

Main Results:

  • RLP-Epi assembled into stable, homogeneous ∼18 nm particles with solvent-exposed epitopes.
  • The construct demonstrated specific recognition by anti-gE antibodies and high sensitivity and specificity in ELISA formats.
  • RLP-Epi showed no reactivity with vaccinated-only sera, confirming DIVA compatibility.

Conclusions:

  • RLP-based epitope engineering provides a generalizable framework for designing stable, modular diagnostic antigens.
  • This platform facilitates the development of DIVA-compatible diagnostics adaptable to emerging viral variants.