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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

Published on: November 3, 2023

Human Islet

Jiaqi Zou¹, Shen Li², Hongxing Fu³

¹Tianjin First Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.

Cell Proliferation

|April 11, 2026

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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