Clinical Prediction Model for Unsuccessful Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing
Yousaku Okubo1, Junji Maeda1, Shogo Miyamoto1
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
Introduction:
Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has rapidly become a preferred form of cardiac physiologic pacing; however, predictors of unsuccessful implantation remain unclear.
Methods And Results:
Between April 2020 and March 2024, LBBAP was attempted in 145 patients. Procedural success was defined by ≥ 1 of the following: output-dependent QRS morphology changes, V6 R-wave peak time (RWPT) < 75 ms, V6-V1 interpeak interval ≥ 44 ms, or concordance between intrinsic and paced V6 RWPT derived from left bundle potentials. Baseline clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic variables were compared between success (n = 126, 86.9%) and failure (n = 19, 13.1%) groups. Multivariable logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood identified nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (NIVCD) (odds ratio [OR] = 4.34; p = 0.02), interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) (OR = 1.39 per mm; p = 0.03), and right atrial area (RAA) (OR = 1.12 per cm2; p = 0.01) as independent predictors of unsuccessful LBBAP. A model integrating these variables demonstrated strong discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.84), which was confirmed by bootstrap validation (AUC = 0.85; 95% confidence interval = 0.76-0.93). A nomogram was constructed to enable individualized risk estimation.
Conclusion:
NIVCD, septal hypertrophy, and right atrial enlargement are independent predictors of LBBAP failure. The resulting validated prediction model and nomogram provide individualized pre-procedural risk estimation and may assist in optimizing patient selection and procedural strategy.
