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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Surface-enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Nanoprobe Ratiometry for Detecting Microscopic Ovarian Cancer via Folate Receptor Targeting

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One-Step Urinary EV Capture-to-SERS on a Temperature-Responsive AuEIH Substrate with Transformer-Based Urologic

Lilin Yin¹, Rui Wang¹, Fu-Lin Guo¹

¹Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|April 11, 2026

Summary

A novel hydrogel platform (AuEIH) enables one-step capture and detection of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) for noninvasive urologic cancer diagnosis. This integrated system achieved high accuracy in distinguishing cancer types from healthy individuals.

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Exploring the Application of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering-based Biosensing of Individual sEVs in Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Exploring the Application of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering-based Biosensing of Individual sEVs in Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Published on: March 13, 2026

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Urology

Background:

Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) show potential as noninvasive biomarkers for urologic cancers.
Current methods for EV analysis are labor-intensive and hinder clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a streamlined, integrated platform for urinary EV capture and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) profiling.
To enable accurate, noninvasive diagnosis and classification of urologic cancers using urinary EVs.

Main Methods:

Development of AuEIH, a temperature-responsive, EV-imprinted hydrogel integrated with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array.
One-step EV capture at 25 °C and in situ SERS detection at 37 °C on the same substrate.
Utilized a CNN-embedded Transformer model for label-free spectral analysis and multiclass tumor typing.

Main Results:

The AuEIH platform demonstrated 100% accuracy in differentiating cancer patients from healthy volunteers in a cohort of 56 clinical urine samples.
The integrated system achieved high accuracies for multiclass tumor typing: 98% for healthy, 98% for bladder, 94% for prostate, and 94% for renal cancer.
The platform successfully integrated EV capture and SERS detection, enhancing SERS signals via temperature-induced plasmonic hot spot generation.

Conclusions:

The AuEIH platform offers a practical, high-accuracy solution for noninvasive urologic cancer diagnosis from urinary EVs.
This integrated capture-to-detection system, combined with advanced spectral learning, significantly advances the clinical translation of EV-based diagnostics.
The developed technology provides a robust method for distinguishing between healthy individuals and various urologic cancer types.