Therapeutic application of engineered extracellular vesicles via pulmonary delivery for inflammatory lung disorders

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising nanoscale delivery vehicles for targeted therapy of inflammatory lung disorders like pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). EVs as carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids can influence immune responses and promote intercellular communication. EVs can be used for encapsulation of drug owing to their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, and capacity to penetrate biological barriers. Additionally, EVs can be surface modified to obtain hybrid EVs for selective delivery to target site. The EVs can be administered to the lungs via pulmonary route to maximize the therapeutic concentration at the site of inflammation while reducing systemic negative effects. In conclusion, EV-based nanomedicine for pulmonary administration offers focused therapy with lower toxicity, making it a new and effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory lung disorders.