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This study reveals that hydrocarbon liquids can fracture like solids, even when their viscous forces dominate. Fracture stress was consistent across various conditions, challenging existing fracture mechanics theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Rheology
  • Fracture Mechanics

Background:

  • Solids fracture under critical stress, while liquids typically deform continuously.
  • Viscoelastic liquids can fracture at high deformation rates when elastic forces (storage modulus G') exceed viscous forces (loss modulus G'').

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide experimental evidence of solid-like fracturing in hydrocarbon blend liquids.
  • To investigate the conditions and characteristics of fracture in liquids, particularly when viscous forces dominate.

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting high-viscosity simple liquids (hydrocarbon blends, styrene oligomers) to shear and extensional flow.
  • Measuring fracture stress and observing fracture morphology at varying deformation rates.
  • Conducting experiments across different temperatures and compositions.

Main Results:

  • Solid-like fracturing was observed in hydrocarbon blends and styrene oligomers, even when G'' >> G'.
  • Fracture occurred at a critical stress of 2(±1) MPa, independent of viscosity, composition, temperature, or velocity.
  • Fracture morphology transitioned from ductile to brittle with increasing deformation rate.
  • Similar fracture behavior was observed in styrene oligomers at different temperatures, confirming generality.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid fracture can occur independently of the dominance of viscous or elastic behavior.
  • Findings expand fracture mechanics beyond purely elastic phenomena.
  • Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and practical implications.