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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

Anaerobic and Aerobic Energy System Contribution During Maximal Exercise: A Systematic Review.

Paul B Gastin¹, Haresh T Suppiah²

¹Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia. p.gastin@latrobe.edu.au.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

|April 11, 2026

Summary

The anaerobic energy system dominates short maximal exercise, with equal aerobic and anaerobic contributions around 79 seconds. Longer exercise relies more on aerobic energy, crucial for optimizing athletic performance.

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Science
Bioenergetics

Background:

Exercise capacity relies on muscle bioenergetic pathways: phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative phosphorylation.
These systems resynthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to meet exercise energy demands.
Understanding energy system contributions during maximal exercise is key for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

Systematically review literature on anaerobic and aerobic energy system contributions during maximal exercise.
Consolidate evidence from diverse methodologies for a precise understanding of energy system interactions.
Inform theoretical knowledge and practical applications in sports performance and training.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search across seven databases (1984-2020).
Included peer-reviewed, English-language studies on adult maximal exercise.
Nonlinear regression modeling used to estimate energy system contributions across exercise durations.

Main Results:

102 studies with 311 data points analyzed.
Anaerobic system predominates in exercise up to ~75-80 seconds.
Equal aerobic and anaerobic contribution at ~78.6 seconds; aerobic contribution increases with duration.

Conclusions:

Refined estimates of energy system contributions during maximal exercise.
Highlights the dynamic interplay between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
Informs training strategies, emphasizing anaerobic capacity and aerobic efficiency for performance enhancement.