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A minimally invasive floating-wire interface for transcranial deep brain stimulation.

Vishal Jain1, Mats Forssell2, Pulkit Grover1

  • 1Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

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Summary

FLOATES (FLOAting Transcranial Electrical Stimulation) uses an implanted wire to deliver electrical currents to deep brain regions, overcoming limitations of conventional transcranial stimulation. This novel neuromodulation approach enables precise deep brain stimulation for disorders like Parkinson's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Non-invasive neuromodulation technologies have advanced, but precise deep brain activation remains difficult.
  • Electric field attenuation across scalp, skull, and brain surface limits current methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce FLOATES (FLOAting Transcranial Electrical Stimulation), a novel approach for deep brain stimulation.
  • Achieve focused stimulation in deep brain regions using an untethered, implanted wire.

Main Methods:

  • Validated FLOATES using simulations, benchtop experiments, and in vivo rodent studies.
  • Confirmed current relay across the floating wire and deep brain stimulation capability in rodents.

Main Results:

  • FLOATES delivers significantly higher electric fields to subcortical regions than conventional methods.
  • Demonstrated deep subthalamic nuclei stimulation, evoking motor responses with a lower motor threshold.
  • Identified key parameters influencing FLOATES efficiency and simulated human head models.

Conclusions:

  • FLOATES provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for a minimally invasive, spatially precise brain stimulation platform.
  • This technology can modulate deep neural circuits relevant to neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.