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The Mammary Glands

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Mosaic Mammary Organoids by Differential Trypsinization

Generation of Mosaic Mammary Organoids by Differential Trypsinization

Published on: March 11, 2020

Developing Mammary Gland Models for Biomedical Applications.

Junqi Zhao¹, Xiang Lin^1,2, Hui Zhang²

¹Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)

|April 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details advanced in vitro mammary gland models, including cell types, hydrogels, and breast-on-a-chip systems. These models are vital for understanding breast physiology and diseases, aiding research and drug discovery.

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Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

Published on: July 21, 2011

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Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Mosaic Mammary Organoids by Differential Trypsinization

Generation of Mosaic Mammary Organoids by Differential Trypsinization

Published on: March 11, 2020

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium

Published on: February 7, 2016

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models

Published on: July 21, 2011

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Women's Health Research

Background:

Understanding mammary gland physiology and breast diseases is essential for women's health.
In vitro models are critical tools for studying complex biological systems.
Current research necessitates advanced models to accurately mimic in vivo conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the development and applications of in vitro mammary gland models.
To highlight key components: cell types, hydrogel matrix, and breast-on-a-chip platforms.
To explore their utility in breast cancer research and drug discovery.

Main Methods:

Overview of primary mammary epithelial cells, cell lines, organoids, and co-culture systems.
Examination of hydrogel matrix roles in extracellular matrix support and cell interactions.
Review of breast-on-a-chip technologies, including design, fabrication, and capabilities.

Main Results:

In vitro models effectively mimic mammary gland physiology and pathology.
Hydrogel matrices are crucial for simulating the extracellular environment.
Breast-on-a-chip platforms facilitate high-throughput screening and disease investigation.

Conclusions:

In vitro mammary gland models are indispensable for advancing breast cancer research and drug discovery.
These models offer a comprehensive perspective for innovative studies.
Their application is key to improving breast cancer prevention and treatment strategies.