Modulating G-quadruplexes for therapeutic intervention: Structural diversity, stability, and emerging...

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures formed by guanine-rich sequences.
• G4s are stabilized by metal cations and exhibit diverse topologies influencing their function.
• They are prevalent in genomic regions like telomeres and promoters, regulating key biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review molecular factors affecting G-quadruplex formation and stability.
• To discuss advanced therapeutic strategies targeting G4 structures.
• To highlight nucleic-acid-based approaches for molecular therapeutics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of G-quadruplex formation, stability, and therapeutic targeting.
• Analysis of chemical tools for G4 recognition and modulation.
• Exploration of applications in anticancer and antiviral treatments.

Main Results:

• G4 structure, stability, and function are influenced by guanine tract length and strand number.
• Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) show potential for selective G4 modulation.
• Nucleic-acid-based therapeutics offer promising avenues for treating diseases.

Conclusions:

• Understanding G4s is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
• ASOs, PNAs, and their conjugates are effective chemical tools for G4 targeting.
• Nucleic-acid-based therapies hold significant potential for anticancer and antiviral applications.