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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Interpreting a Thick Myocardium on Cardiac MR: A Practical Guide for Radiologists.

Moon Young Kim, Hyun Jung Koo, Eun Ju Chun

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cardiac MR (CMR) imaging aids in diagnosing thick myocardium by assessing morphology and tissue characteristics. This review offers a practical approach to interpreting increased myocardial wall thickness using CMR features for differential diagnosis.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Imaging
    • Radiology
    • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

    Background:

    • Increased myocardial wall thickness is a common finding requiring differential diagnosis.
    • Cardiac MR (CMR) imaging offers comprehensive assessment of myocardial morphology and tissue characteristics.
    • Differentiating pathological hypertrophy from physiological or pseudothickening is crucial for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a practical CMR-based approach for interpreting increased myocardial wall thickness.
    • To systematically distinguish true pathological hypertrophy from other causes.
    • To review various conditions causing myocardial thickening and their characteristic CMR features.

    Main Methods:

    • Cine imaging for hypertrophy distribution and ventricular size.
    • T1/T2 mapping and extracellular volume for fibrosis, inflammation, and infiltration.
    • Late gadolinium enhancement for tissue injury patterns.
    • Strain analysis for functional impairment.

    Main Results:

    • CMR enables detailed assessment of myocardial morphology and tissue properties.
    • Specific CMR techniques help differentiate various causes of myocardial thickening.
    • Characteristic CMR features are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, infiltrative diseases, and hypertensive heart disease.

    Conclusions:

    • A structured CMR approach is valuable for diagnosing the etiology of increased myocardial wall thickness.
    • CMR imaging plays a central role in the differential diagnosis of myocardial hypertrophy.
    • Understanding CMR features aids in identifying specific conditions like cardiac amyloidosis, Fabry disease, and hypertensive heart disease.