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Prepandemic Risk Factors for Disabling Long COVID: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
1College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, gla.ac.uk.
Disabling long COVID risk is linked to prepandemic factors like poor health, distress, and sleep quality. Women and certain age groups face higher risks, with distinct sex-specific patterns emerging.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Longitudinal Studies
Background:
- Disabling long COVID presents a significant public health challenge.
- Limited prospective evidence exists on predisposing risk factors for long COVID.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify prepandemic risk factors associated with disabling long COVID.
- To investigate sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial predictors of long COVID.
Main Methods:
- Utilized prospective data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2018-2023).
- Included 12,033 adults with self-reported positive COVID-19 tests.
- Employed modified Poisson regression to calculate adjusted relative risks (RRs).
Main Results:
- Disabling long COVID affected 5.7% of participants.
- Higher risks observed in women, adults aged 30-69, those with pre-existing conditions, poor self-rated health, psychological distress, and poor sleep.
- Income satisfaction and White ethnicity were protective; effects varied by sex.
Conclusions:
- Prepandemic vulnerabilities in health, socioeconomic status, and psychological well-being independently predict disabling long COVID.
- Distinct sex-specific patterns of risk factors were identified for long COVID.
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