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Nutritional considerations for athletes with diabetes: optimizing performance and glycemic control
1Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|April 13, 2026
Summary
Athletes with diabetes can optimize performance by tailoring nutrition and insulin strategies. This review provides evidence-based guidelines for carbohydrate intake, hydration, and micronutrients to manage blood sugar during exercise.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Athletes with diabetes face challenges balancing performance and glycemic control.
- Existing guidelines lack specificity for different diabetes types and insulin therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To consolidate recent research on optimizing nutrition for athletes with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes.
- To provide evidence-based guidelines for macronutrient intake, hydration, and micronutrient support.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of literature from Google Scholar (2015-2025).
- Inclusion of clinical trials, meta-analyses, and expert consensus statements.
- Evidence grading based on strength of evidence (Level A, B, C).
Main Results:
- Carbohydrate timing and dosage are critical and depend on exercise intensity, duration, and insulin delivery method.
- Protein supports muscle recovery; magnesium and vitamin D influence metabolic function.
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) aids in managing blood sugar fluctuations and preventing hypoglycemia.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing athletic performance in diabetes requires a multidisciplinary approach.
- Evidence-based dietary strategies and treatment modalities enhance safety and efficacy for athletes with diabetes.
Keywords:
athletescarbohydrate timingcontinuous glucose monitoring (CGM)glycemic controlnutritionperformance optimizationtype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetesMore Related Videos
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