Multidimensional and Multifunctional Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) for Point-of-Care and Wearable Biosensing,...

Multidimensional laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as an attractive signal transduction and bioactive material, functioning both as high-performance biosensors and multifunctional biomedical platforms. Its unique porous, graphene-like morphology offers multiple advantageous features, including high conductivity, tunable surface energy, high active surface area, catalytic activity, biocompatibility, and mechanical flexibility, along with facile fabrication through a chemical-free, mask-free, and programmable laser writing process. Yet, the exploration of its dimensional versatility, spanning from 0D to 3D architectures, facilitates multifunctional biomedical applications for personalized healthcare and regenerative medicine remain challenging. This review summarizes recent advances in LIG-based platforms for personalized healthcare and regenerative medicine, beginning with LIG-based transducers for various biosensing modalities, including physiochemical, point-of-care, and wearable biosensing. We further examine LIG-based platforms serving as bioactive interfaces for advanced multifunctional biomedical applications, including anti-microbial strategies, smart drug delivery, closed-loop theranostic platforms, lab-on-a-chip systems, and regenerative medicine applications such as tissue engineering and cell scaffolding. Emerging directions, including LIG-optics, LIG-based organ-on-a-chip platforms, smart 4D LIG material, and AI-powered LIG systems, are also discussed. By bridging LIG's multidimensional architectures and multifunctional capabilities, this review highlights the potential of LIG materials to advance the development of future personalized healthcare and regenerative medical systems.