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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Bilingualism and individual differences in short-term ordered serial recall.

Antonie Caissie-Gilbert1, Dominic Guitard2, Jean Saint-Aubin1

  • 1École de Psychologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.

Memory (Hove, England)
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bilinguals

Keywords:
Bilingualismlanguage proficiencylexical representationsserial recallshort-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bilingualism research often explores cognitive advantages.
  • Immediate serial recall is a key measure of short-term memory.
  • Language proficiency varies among bilingual individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if bilingual language proficiency influences immediate serial recall.
  • To determine if this influence is language-specific.
  • To examine the role of lexical knowledge in recall.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments with 96 French-English bilinguals.
  • Immediate serial recall task with word lists (visual and auditory).
  • LexTALE lexical decision task to assess language proficiency.

Main Results:

  • Higher lexical knowledge in a language predicted better recall of words in that language.
  • This language-specific effect was consistent across list types (pure vs. alternating).
  • The proficiency-recall relationship generalized across visual and auditory modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate serial recall performance is linked to language-specific lexical strength.
  • Long-term lexical representations support short-term memory retrieval in bilinguals.
  • Cognitive models of memory should account for language-specific factors in bilinguals.