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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
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Integrated Genomic Analysis Unveils MicroRNA Roles in Glioma Development.

Sevan Omer Majed1, Gaylany H Abdullah2, Kazhal Muhammad Sulaiman1

  • 1Biology Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Biology
|April 13, 2026
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Summary

This study reveals that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are upregulated in gliomas, a common brain tumor. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) identified may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for improving glioma treatment.

Keywords:
expressiongliomasmicroRNAsnon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gliomas are primary adult brain tumors with high recurrence and mortality.
  • Complex biology and resistance mechanisms challenge current glioma treatments.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play key roles in tumor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze ncRNA expression in gliomas versus normal adjacent tissues (NATs).
  • To investigate the role of ncRNAs in glioma pathogenesis.
  • To identify potential ncRNA biomarkers or therapeutic targets for gliomas.

Main Methods:

  • Small RNA sequencing was performed on 25 high-grade glioma (HGG) patients.
  • ncRNA expression was compared between tumor and NAT samples.
  • Top upregulated miRNAs were validated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in a larger cohort (17 low-grade gliomas [LGGs] and 52 HGGs).

Main Results:

  • Overall upregulation of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, tRNAs, piRNAs, and snoRNAs, was observed in gliomas.
  • Five specific miRNAs (miR-21, miR-221, miR-1321, miR-1306-5p, miR-374a-5p) were significantly upregulated and validated.
  • These validated miRNAs are linked to oncogenic pathways and associated with poorer prognosis in glioma patients.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are significantly altered in gliomas and contribute to pathogenesis.
  • The identified miRNAs show potential as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for glioma.
  • This integrated analysis of multiple ncRNA classes provides validation across LGG and HGG, including a Kurdish cohort.