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A Multilevel Redox-Based Prognostic Model for Asthma Severity: From Genotype to Serum Biomarkers
Shukur Wasman Smail1,2,3, Rebaz Hamza Salih4, Blnd Azad Ismail2,5
1College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Biomedicines
|July 28, 2026
Summary
Oxidative stress significantly impacts asthma severity through genetic and biomarker pathways. Understanding these redox determinants can lead to better asthma phenotyping and personalized treatments.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- Asthma is a chronic airway disease where oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role beyond inflammation.
- Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) contribute to airway injury, mucus production, and remodeling.
- Transcription factors like NF-κB and MAPK pathways are modulated by OS in asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on redox-based determinants of asthma severity.
- To examine genetic polymorphisms, circulating biomarkers, and oxidative damage indicators.
- To explore the potential for multilevel redox prognostic panels in asthma management.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of current evidence on OS in asthma.
- Examination of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, MPO, NOX/DUOX).
- Review of genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant and oxidative enzyme genes.
- Discussion of oxidative damage biomarkers (e.g., MDA, 8-isoprostanes, 3-nitrotyrosine).
- Inclusion of micronutrient cofactors and microRNAs (miRNAs) related to OS in asthma.
Main Results:
- Multilevel redox determinants, from genetic variations to biomarkers, influence asthma severity.
- Specific antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, PRDXs, Trx) and oxidative enzymes (NOX/DUOX, XO, MPO) reflect systemic redox status and oxidant burden.
- Genetic polymorphisms in genes like SOD2, CAT, GSTM1/GSTT1, NOS, MPO, and XDH modulate redox capacity and asthma susceptibility.
- Oxidative damage biomarkers correlate with disease activity and control.
- Emerging evidence links miRNAs to OS biology in asthma.
Conclusions:
- An integrated framework combining genetic, enzymatic, and oxidative damage markers can improve asthma phenotyping and severity stratification.
- Multilevel redox prognostic panels hold promise for personalized asthma therapeutic approaches.
- Challenges in clinical translation include biomarker non-specificity and gene-environment complexity.
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