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The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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Action Potential Dynamics During Spreading Depolarization.

Daria Vinokurova1, Bulat Mingazov1, Gulshat Burkhanova-Zakirova1

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

Cells
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting spreading depolarizations (SDs) in brain diseases is difficult. This study found that changes in neuronal spike amplitude and duration during SD onset could serve as reliable detection markers.

Keywords:
action potentialcortexlocal field potentialmembrane potentialmigraineneuronpatch-clampsingle unit activityspreading depolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology
  • Brain Diseases

Background:

  • Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are critical pathophysiological events implicated in various neurological conditions such as migraine, brain ischemia, epilepsy, and trauma.
  • Accurate electrophysiological detection of SDs remains a significant challenge in clinical and research settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic changes in neuronal spiking activity during the onset of high-potassium-induced spreading depolarizations (SDs).
  • To evaluate the potential of these spike alterations as markers for SD detection.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-cell and loose cell-attached recordings were performed on layer 5 neurons in the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized rats.
  • High-potassium was used to induce spreading depolarizations.
  • Analysis included spike amplitude, duration, and cluster analysis of extracellular spikes.

Main Results:

  • A progressive decrease in spike amplitude and an increase in spike duration were observed in layer 5 neurons during gradual depolarization preceding SD onset.
  • These spike alterations were also evident in extracellular recordings of single and multiple unit activity.
  • The observed changes culminated in depolarization block, a hallmark of SD progression.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic alterations in neuronal spike amplitude and duration represent potential electrophysiological markers for detecting the onset of spreading depolarizations.
  • These findings could lead to improved methods for identifying and monitoring SDs in brain diseases.