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Endometrial Cancer: A Review
Katherine L Mager1, Karen McLean1,2
1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
JAMA
|April 13, 2026
Summary
Endometrial cancer, the most common uterine cancer, is rising in incidence, particularly in younger women, linked to obesity. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with survival rates varying by stage.
Area of Science:
- Gynecologic Oncology
- Cancer Epidemiology
- Medical Treatment
Background:
- Endometrial cancer constitutes 95% of uterine cancers and is the fourth most common cancer in US women.
- Rising obesity rates correlate with increased endometrial cancer incidence, alongside a concerning rise in younger women.
- Mortality rates are increasing, with significant disparities observed between Black and White women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the current understanding of endometrial cancer epidemiology and treatment.
- To highlight trends in incidence and mortality, including demographic disparities.
- To outline the standard management strategies for endometrial cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological data on incidence and mortality trends.
- Description of diagnostic methods, including biopsy and D&C.
- Outline of treatment modalities: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Endometrial cancer incidence is increasing, especially in younger age groups (20-39 years).
- Obesity is a significant risk factor, correlating with rising incidence.
- Significant racial disparities exist in mortality rates.
- Treatment success varies by stage, with >86% 5-year survival for Stage I and >18% for Stage IV.
Conclusions:
- Endometrial cancer requires urgent attention due to rising incidence and mortality.
- Multimodal treatment including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy is crucial.
- Addressing disparities and risk factors like obesity is essential for improving outcomes.
