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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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A variable, usually notated by capital letters such as X and Y, is a characteristic or measurement that can be determined for each member of a population. Data are the actual values of variables. They may be numbers, or they may be words. Datum is a single value.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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Categorization is 'baked' into the brain.

Lisa Feldman Barrett1,2,3, Earl K Miller4,5

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA. l.barrett@northeastern.edu.

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|April 13, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Categorization, essential for behavior, is not just memory retrieval but an ongoing brain process. This neural computation begins early in signal processing, influencing perception from the start.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Categorization is traditionally viewed as a late-stage cognitive process.
  • This process involves feature detection and memory-based representation assignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the traditional view of categorization.
  • To propose categorization as an early and continuous process in neural signal processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from neuroanatomy.
  • Analysis of electrophysiology data.
  • Synthesis of brain imaging and cognitive science findings.

Main Results:

  • Categorization is not solely a function of memory.
  • It occurs throughout signal processing, starting from initial stages.
  • Predictive feedback signals create neural context for feedforward processing.

Conclusions:

  • Categorization is a fundamental computational strategy of the brain.
  • This process is integral to perception, not an endpoint.
  • Findings have implications for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders.