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Mass Spectrometry of Amines

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...

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Mn(II) Complex with Rutin-Spectral Characteristic, Quantum-Chemical Calculations, Antioxidant and α-Amylase

Maciej Kozłowski¹, Monika Kalinowska¹, Mariola Samsonowicz¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Civil Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 14, 2026

Summary

A new manganese(II) complex with rutin (Mn(II)-Rut) shows enhanced antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities compared to rutin alone. This Mn(II)-Rut complex demonstrates potential for improved pharmacological applications.

Keywords:

antioxidant antioxidant activity metal complexes phenolic compounds rutin

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Rutin, a natural flavonoid, exhibits significant antioxidant and pharmacological properties.
Metal complexes of flavonoids are explored for enhanced biological activities.
Manganese complexes are of interest due to their diverse biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a manganese(II) complex with rutin (Mn(II)-Rut).
To evaluate and compare the antioxidant potential of Mn(II)-Rut and free rutin.
To investigate the α-amylase inhibitory activity of Mn(II)-Rut for potential antidiabetic applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Mn(II)-Rut complex in solid state.
Characterization using FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and elemental analysis.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity via ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and DPPH spectrophotometric assays.
Quantum-chemical calculations (Gaussian09) for structural and electronic analysis.
Enzymatic assays to determine α-amylase inhibition.

Main Results:

The Mn(II)-Rut complex was successfully synthesized and characterized.
Mn(II)-Rut demonstrated superior antioxidant activity in ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays compared to rutin.
Rutin exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than the Mn(II)-Rut complex.
The Mn(II)-Rut complex showed a significantly stronger inhibitory effect on α-amylase than free rutin.

Conclusions:

The Mn(II)-Rut complex exhibits enhanced antioxidant properties and α-amylase inhibitory activity compared to rutin alone.
The synthesized complex holds promise for development as a therapeutic agent, particularly for managing diabetes.
Coordination to manganese(II) ion modulates and potentially improves the bioactivity of rutin.