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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

909
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

803
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
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Autoantibody Profiling in Cardiomyopathies: Toward Immune-Guided Risk Stratification and Therapy.

Alberto Marmai1, Giovanni Civieri1,2, Laura Iop3

  • 1Cardiology Division, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune processes and cardiac autoantibodies contribute to cardiomyopathies. Identifying these autoantibodies may aid diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapies like plasmapheresis.

Keywords:
arrhythmiaautoimmunitycardiac autoantibodiescardiomyopathyheart failureimmunoadsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders with structural/functional abnormalities.
  • Genetic factors are key, but incomplete penetrance suggests other mechanisms.
  • Autoimmune processes are increasingly implicated in cardiomyopathy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of autoimmune processes in cardiomyopathies.
  • To identify autoantibodies targeting cardiac self-antigens.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of autoantibody profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed experimental and clinical data on autoantibodies in cardiomyopathies.
  • Identified autoantibodies targeting cardiac structural proteins, intercalated discs, intracellular proteins (e.g., calreticulin), and G protein-coupled receptors.
  • Examined the effects of autoantibodies on cardiomyocyte signaling and intercellular coupling.

Main Results:

  • A spectrum of autoantibodies against cardiac self-antigens is found in cardiomyopathy patients.
  • Autoantibodies may promote maladaptive remodeling, ventricular dysfunction, and arrhythmias.
  • Autoantibody profiling can identify distinct cardiomyopathy subsets.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune mechanisms are significant in cardiomyopathy pathogenesis.
  • Autoantibody profiling offers diagnostic and prognostic value.
  • Therapeutic strategies like plasmapheresis can improve outcomes by removing pathogenic autoantibodies.