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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Identification of EcoHIV-Infected Cells in Microglia-Manipulated Transgenic Mice
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Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies TALAM1 and LINC00702 as HIV-1-Responsive lncRNAs in Microglia.

Victoria Rojas-Celis1, Catalina Millan-Hidalgo1, Izabela Mamede2

  • 1Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), TALAM1 and LINC00702, that are regulated by HIV-1 infection in human microglia. These lncRNAs may play roles in viral replication and neuroinflammation.

Keywords:
HIV-1LINC00702TALAM1TNF-αlncRNAsmicroglia

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High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Microglia are key in HIV-1 brain reservoirs and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate HIV-1 in T cells and macrophages, but their role in microglia is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate microglial transcriptional responses to HIV-1 infection.
  • Identify lncRNAs involved in HIV-1 pathogenesis in the CNS.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing of human microglial cells stimulated with HIV-1 or TNF-α.
  • Gene set enrichment analysis.
  • RT-qPCR validation and lncRNA knockdown experiments.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 infection and TNF-α stimulation induced overlapping transcriptional responses.
  • TALAM1 and LINC00702 lncRNAs were upregulated by HIV-1.
  • Knockdown of TALAM1 or LINC00702 affected viral RNA levels; LINC00702 knockdown also affected p55 production.
  • TALAM1 shifted from cytoplasmic to nuclear localization upon HIV-1 infection; LINC00702 remained nuclear.

Conclusions:

  • TALAM1 and LINC00702 are differentially regulated by HIV-1 in microglia.
  • These lncRNAs may influence RNA processing, splicing, and immune responses.
  • TALAM1 and LINC00702 are potential targets for understanding and treating HAND.