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Design and Implementation of an Eyewear-Integrated Infrared Eye-Tracking System.

Carlo Pezzoli1, Marco Brando Mario Paracchini1, Daniele Maria Crafa1

  • 1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel photosensor oculography (PSOG) system for smart eyewear, achieving sub-degree gaze estimation accuracy. The integrated, low-power design offers a feasible alternative to camera-based eye-tracking for wearables.

Keywords:
assistive technologiescomputer visioneyesgaze trackingposition measurementuser interfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Wearable technology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Camera-based eye-tracking in smart eyewear faces challenges with size, power, and computational demands.
  • Need for integrated, low-power eye-tracking solutions for hands-free interaction and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of a photosensor oculography (PSOG) system for eyewear-integrated eye-tracking.
  • To design, simulate, and experimentally evaluate a compact, low-power PSOG system.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a PSOG system using near-infrared (NIR) emitters and photodiodes integrated into an eyewear frame.
  • Employed simulation-driven optical design, multi-frequency modulation for ambient light rejection, and lightweight regression algorithms (shallow neural networks, Gaussian process regression).
  • Evaluated performance using a controllable artificial-eye platform.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sub-degree gaze estimation accuracy in a controlled environment.
  • Demonstrated robust ambient-light rejection and parallel source discrimination.
  • Validated the feasibility of resource-efficient signal acquisition for embedded systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed PSOG system is a feasible and effective solution for integrated eye-tracking in smart eyewear.
  • The design balances accuracy with computational and power constraints, suitable for wearable applications.
  • Future work includes human-subject validation and calibration strategies for real-world deployment.