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Correction: Pramesthi et al. Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia's National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children's Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3575.

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Correction: Huang et al. Correlation Study Between Dietary Behaviors, Lifestyle, and Psychological Problems in Chinese Children Aged 3-7. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 176.

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Italian Expert Consensus on Women's Nutrition Across the Life Course: A Modified Delphi Study.

Laura Sarno1, Dario Colacurci2, Maurizio Guida1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Nutrients
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized nutrition is key for women's health. Experts recommend individualized micronutrient strategies, with specific guidance for preconception, pregnancy (DHA), and menopause, but highlight evidence gaps for vitamin D and postpartum needs.

Keywords:
delphi consensuslife-course approachmicronutrient supplementationpersonalized nutritionwomen’s nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Women's Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Nutrition significantly impacts women's health across all life stages.
  • Current clinical practices for nutritional support are inconsistent due to limited evidence and non-uniform guidelines.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding universal versus individualized micronutrient supplementation, optimal dosages, and life-stage-specific recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish expert consensus on nutritional strategies for women across different life stages.
  • To identify areas of agreement and evidence gaps in women's nutritional care.
  • To inform the development of unified, evidence-based guidelines for gynecological and obstetrical nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi process involving 13 Italian gynecological and obstetrical experts.
  • Two rounds of anonymous online surveys based on a scoping review of existing literature.
  • Consensus defined as ≥75% agreement on a 10-point Likert scale.

Main Results:

  • Strong support for personalized nutritional strategies across all life stages.
  • Consensus on individualized preconception micronutrient supplementation and active folates for assisted reproduction.
  • Agreement on universal DHA in pregnancy, but not universal vitamin D (except in gestational diabetes); consensus on postpartum iron for non-breastfeeding women; uncertainty for breastfeeding women.
  • Strong agreement on personalized diets for PCOS, endometriosis, and gestational diabetes, including inositol; insufficient evidence for severe premenstrual syndrome.
  • Consensus on macronutrient adjustments and universal calcium/vitamin D in menopause.

Conclusions:

  • Expert consensus emphasizes personalized nutrition for women's health.
  • Key evidence gaps identified in vitamin D supplementation during physiological pregnancy, postpartum micronutrient needs during breastfeeding, and nutritional management of premenstrual disorders.
  • Need for unified life-course guidelines and standardized nutritional assessments to improve clinical practice.