The Ketogenic Diet and Potential Micronutrient Risks in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Management: A Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Nutritional Science
• Medical Nutrition Therapy

Background:

• The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established medical nutrition therapy for neurological disorders.
• Its efficacy is particularly noted in epilepsy management, especially for drug-resistant cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review published research on the efficacy of KD and its variations in treating epilepsy.
• To identify challenges and the role of healthcare professionals in KD adherence for epilepsy patients.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted on PubMed, focusing on studies published between 2022 and 2025.
• The review encompassed clinical studies across various age groups assessing KD's impact on epilepsy.

Main Results:

• The KD demonstrates effectiveness in managing both focal and generalized seizures.
• Infants show higher seizure freedom rates than adults, potentially due to better compliance.
• Challenges include side effects (GI issues, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies) impacting long-term adherence.

Conclusions:

• The ketogenic diet is a viable treatment for epilepsy, particularly for those unresponsive to anti-epileptic drugs.
• Registered dietitians play a crucial role in optimizing KD therapy through personalized education and monitoring.
• Integrating KD with conventional treatments offers the best outcomes for seizure reduction and quality of life.