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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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Protective Human Papillomavirus Type 16/18 Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Antibody Levels Remain Elusive

Matti Lehtinen1,2,3,4, Tiina Eriksson3, Tiina Petäjä3

  • 1Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebforschungzentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|April 14, 2026
PubMed

We studied human papillomavirus antibodies in a subset of a cohort comprising 16 988 women who received human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 vaccination as adolescents, among whom 50 cervical high-grade squamous cell intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) were diagnosed by 28 years of age. No differences in neutralizing HPV16/18 antibody levels between the HSIL cases and 1:2 matched vaccinated controls with or without persistent cervical HPV infection were observed. As compared with the HPV16/18, cross-neutralizing HPV33 antibody levels were significantly increased in the HSIL cases with concomitant cervical and serum sampling. However, during 16 years of follow-up, protective vaccine-induced, HPV16/18 cross-neutralizing (clade A9/A7 specific) antibody levels remained elusive.

Keywords:
antibodycervical neoplasiahuman papillomavirusneutralizationvaccination

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