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Interpreting Risk and Impact Measures in Nursing Research: Implications for Evidence-based Practice.

R Mauricio Barría P1

  • 1RN, MSc. Clinical Epidemiology, DrPH. Institute of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile. rbarria@uach.cl.

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|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding risk and impact measures like relative risk and risk difference is crucial for evidence-based nursing. Proper interpretation enhances clinical decision-making and patient care.

Keywords:
data interpretation, statisticalevidence-based practicemeasures of associationmeasures of association, exposure, risk or outcomenursing researchnursing, practical

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Research
  • Biostatistics
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Effective evidence-based practice in nursing requires critical appraisal of research findings.
  • Risk and impact measures are fundamental to understanding study results and their clinical applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the conceptual basis, calculation, and interpretation of key risk and impact measures in nursing research.
  • To emphasize the relevance of these statistical measures for evidence-based clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common risk/association measures: relative risk, odds ratio, hazard ratio.
  • Review of absolute impact measures: risk difference, risk reduction, numbers needed to treat/harm.
  • Illustrative examples from nursing studies with step-by-step calculations and interpretations.

Main Results:

  • Relative and absolute measures provide complementary insights into intervention effects.
  • Accurate calculation and interpretation are vital for assessing clinical relevance.
  • Examples demonstrate practical application in nursing contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated understanding of risk and impact measures is essential for critical appraisal.
  • Combined use of measures supports informed, safe, and context-sensitive nursing care.
  • Reinforces the foundation of evidence-based nursing practice.