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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Soft energy harvesters are crucial for bio-integrated electronics.
  • Current piezoionic devices have low voltage output due to thermodynamic limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance voltage output in soft piezoionic energy harvesters.
  • To develop a generalizable materials framework for high-performance energy harvesting and bio-interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Co-optimizing macroscopic, microstructural, and molecular asymmetries.
  • Utilizing asymmetric electrodes, microcone arrays, and cation-π interactions.
  • Testing the strategy in ionogels and hydrogels.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a four-order-of-magnitude enhancement in voltage sensitivity (>10^4 mV kPa^-1).
  • Reached a peak power density of 135.1 µW cm^-2.
  • Demonstrated scalability with breathing-driven LED illumination.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic strategy unlocks high-performance piezoionic energy harvesting.
  • The developed materials framework is suitable for autonomous bio-interfaces.
  • The approach is versatile, applicable to both ionogels and hydrogels.