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Trends in Veterinary Drug Residues in US Cattle: Analysing USDA Sampling Data.
Abdullah S Alwahaimed1,2, Joseph Eifert1
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Veterinary Medicine and Science
|April 15, 2026
Summary
Veterinary drug residues are common in cattle, especially dairy cows. Monitoring data from 2021-2023 shows persistent issues with drug residue control and compliance in the U.S. cattle industry.
Area of Science:
- Food safety and veterinary medicine.
- Agricultural science and animal health.
- Regulatory compliance and public health.
Background:
- Cattle production is a major U.S. agricultural industry.
- Veterinary drug use in food animals can result in residues in food products.
- Effective residue monitoring is crucial for food safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze U.S. national residue data from 2021-2023.
- To identify the most frequently detected veterinary drugs in various cattle types.
- To assess trends in veterinary drug residue detections.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of U.S. national residue monitoring data (2021-2023).
- Descriptive statistical analysis of sampling reports and datasets.
- Ranking of frequently detected veterinary drug residues in cattle.
Main Results:
- Cattle accounted for 92% of 3391 positive veterinary drug residue detections (2021-2023).
- Dairy cows had the highest number of residue detections (1264), followed by beef cows (505).
- Desfuroylceftiofur, penicillin, and flunixin were among the most frequent violative residues detected.
Conclusions:
- Consistent patterns in cattle drug residue detections from 2021-2023 indicate residue control and compliance issues.
- Findings emphasize the need to address persistent veterinary drug presence in cattle products.
- Results support targeted residue monitoring and inform future surveillance priorities.
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